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Tips for Careers in Science and Technology

发布日期:2015-12-04 10:59 来源:网络 作者:BRUCE M. ALBERTS 浏览次数:
Careers in Science and Technology: A Student Planning Guide to Grad School and Beyond
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5129

Skills and Attributes that Contribute to a Successful Career as a Scientist, Engineer, Scholar, or Professional
Intellectual Skills
1.  Honesty (诚实) 
2.  Curiosity (有好奇心) 
3.  Discrimination—ability to distinguish what is important from what is trivial(辨别事情的轻重缓急!) 
4.  Imagination and creativity (培养自己想象力和创造力!) 
5.  Common sense(对环境条件和事实的感知的理性的判断!) 
6.  Objectivity (客观理智的对待问题!减少主观臆断造成的损失!) 
7.  Intuition (判断客观事实、痛苦与快乐的直觉!) 
8.  Skill in observation of natural, technical, or social phenomena (对大自然、科学技术和社会生活的感受力和洞察力!) 
9.  Systematic problem-solving (系统、条理的处理问题的能力!) 
10. A good memory (多思考减少未来可能及早到来的老年痴呆!) 
11. Capacity for logical reasoning, including abstract and theoretical reasoning (培养逻辑推理能力,这不是一般人能真正学到的,总结和理性逻辑的能力很重要。) 
12. Capacity to draw logical inferences from observational and experimental data (从表面现象推导本质问题的能力!无论在生活还是工作中都很重要。) 
13. Ability to conceive an explanatory hypothesis and design critical tests to evaluate it(要能对产生的实际问题做出全面合理的假设,然后设计方案解决它!) 

Communication Skills
1.  Capacity to retrieve information from published sources(提取信息的能力!) 
2.  Skill in learning by interview methods (通过互相交谈进行学习的能力!这是接收信息的能力!) 
3.  Capacity to communicate in writing (写作中的表达能力!) 
4.  Capacity to communicate orally (口头相互交流的能力!) 
5.  Skill in use of computers and other information-processing devices 
6.  Skill in graphic display of information and ideas(会用图景表达自己的想法!这是最直接的和生动的表达方式,应该努力培养!) 

Personality Characteristics
1.  Maturity (人格、人生观和价值观的成熟!) 
2.  Motivation and drive (应该学会自我激励!) 
3.  Self-confidence (要绝对自信!) 
4.  Dependability (让自己值得信赖!communication can take effect!) 
5.  Independence (人格和思想的绝对独立性!)
6.  Empathy(这个词比较难理解!1、要执着和投入;2、要站在别人的角度考虑当时的问题,不要执着于无畏的争执。) 
7.  Capacity to work effectively with superiors, peers, and subordinates (培养自己与老板、同学和属下的高效工作能力!这是高度协调的能力。) 
8.  Initiative and sense of responsibility (不要因失败而放弃,有主观能动性,勇敢的行动!责任心很重要!) 
9.  Capacity for objective self-criticism (不断进行客观的自我批评,别人的指责有一部分在于自己的错!) 
10.  Leadership and management skills (领导和管理的能力,课题由自己管理、小组成员都应该有管理这个小组的责任心,这个队伍才能不断前进!) 

Habits of Work
1.  Efficiency in the use of time (高效利用时间!) 
2.  Persistence—ability to see things through to completion (要坚持到最后,不能轻易放弃,其实一开始需要认识到结果,对工作有一个全景的假设!) 
3.  Capacity for sustained intellectual and physical work (劳逸结合!只学不玩儿,聪明的孩子会变傻!All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy!!这是科研中更应该注意的。) 
4.  Orderliness (条理,别乱!) 
5.  Ability to meet deadlines (经常给自己设定deadlines会是一种促进和鼓励!) 

Mechanical Skills
1.  Manual dexterity (动手能力!) 
2.  Skill in the development, selection, and use of appropriate scientific, engineering, or artistic apparatus, machines, and models (开发、选择和使用适当的科学、工程或艺术、机器和模型的技能)

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