Hofmann 消除反应

季铵碱在加热条件下(100--200°C)发生热分解,当季铵碱的四个烃基都是甲基时,热分解得到甲醇和三甲胺:

如果季铵碱的四个烃基不同,则热分解时总是得到含取代基最少的烯烃和叔胺:

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反应实例

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参考文献

[1]  A. W. Hofmann, Ber. 14, 659 (1881)
[2]  H. Gilman, Organic Chemistry ll (Ner York, 1943), p 1172
[3]  M. Pailer and L. Bilek, Monatsh. 79, 135 (1948)
[4]  G. Wittig et al. Ann. 599, 13 (1956); 612, 102 (19S8) 1; 632, 85 (1960)
[5]  A. C. Cope and E. R; Trumbull, Organic Reactlons 11, 320 (1960)
[6]  L. F. Fieser and M. Fieser, Advanced Organic Chemistry (Reinhold, New Yotk, 1961), p 509