发布日期：2016-06-10 07:37 浏览次数：
| Reagent | Works well for | Colors | Notes |
| Iodine | Unsaturated and aromatic compounds | Brown spots | Not permanent |
| Sulfuric acid | General stain | Brown or black spots | |
| Chromic acid | For difficult to stain compounds | Black spots | |
| UV light | Compounds with extended conjugation like aromatic compounds | Pink on light green background | Only visible under UV light |
| Cerium sulfate | Good general stain, very well for alkaloids | ||
| Ferric chloride | Phenols | Purple | |
| Ninhydrin | Amino acids, amines | Purple | |
| 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine | Aldehydes, ketones | Yellow/orange | also called “DNP” |
| Vanillin | Good general stain, very well for hydroxyl or carbonyl compounds | Colors vary | |
| Potassium permanganate | Works well for all compounds that can be oxidized |
Yellow on purple Yellow or light brown on purple |
at r.t. for alkenes and alkynes upon heating for alcohols, amines, sulfides |
| Bromocresol Green | Carboxylic acids (pKa<5) | Yellow spot on blue background | |
| Cerium molybdate (CAM, ‘Hanessian’s Stain’, Ceric staining) | Good general stain, very well with polyhydroxylated and carbonyl compounds | Blue or green spot | Upon heating, very sensitive! |
| p-Anisaldehyde | Good general stain, particularly sensitive towards nucleophiles |
Varying colors on light pink plate upon heating |
Does not work with alkenes, alkynes or aromatic system unless functional groups are present |
| Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) | Very sensitive | Dark green spot on light green plate | Sensitivity can be enhanced by use of cobalt(II) chloride |
| Ehrlich’s Reagent (Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) | Indoles, amines | Pink or red-violet | |
| Dragendorff-Munier Stain | Amines even the ones that are low in reactivity | Various colors |
